Missile Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Cell Phones- How Have They Changed Us Socially?

A few people may think that its difficult to accept that some time ago mobile phones weren’t around. Reviewing when letters were utilized to get messages to and fro starting with one individual then onto the next. At that point gradually we included the expansion of telephones. First and foremost telephones were only an approach to contact individuals in the event that they happend to be home when called. At that point we designed PDAs. With them we can make and get brings in practically any area and we can send instant messages . PDA use has expanded in the previous years in light of the fact that is extremely simple and financial to have one.Year into year mobile phones become better and better. Today , aside from making and receiveing calls and furthermore messaging messages, we can do a great deal of intriguing things with them. For instance we can tune in to music, record voice notes, make video cuts, mess around, take pictures, get to the web and numerous different thing s. Be that as it may, there is additionally a terrible side of mobile phones. They influenced the manner in which we mingle nowadays; on the off chance that you notice individuals are beginning to content their loved ones rather if really speaking verbally.Many youths and furthermore more established ages invest more energy sending instant messages or visiting on Facebook than speaking You go out to supper and glance around and see individuals out with family yet there is no discussions going on at the table generally just huh†¦ yeah†¦ mmhm.. , in light of the fact that they are occupied with messaging somebody not there on their telephones. I feel human communicant is gradually vanishing among loved ones. You even observe parent’s messaging their children when in a similar house to talk about something with them. Our correspondence between one another is relying upon somewhat electronic device.People use mobile phones out in the open spots, and during chapel. I hav e even observed ten-year olds strolling over the road messaging their companions as opposed to focusing on the vehicles. On the off chance that things proceed with like this, I feel we will overlook how to manage certain correspondence circumstances vis-à-vis. In the event that you ask my sentiment, I would offending to get dumped over a content. In the event that you believe that is terrible you ought to have seen the level of individuals who conceded messaging or chatting on the telephone while utilizing the can Phones How Have They Changed Us Socially? A few people may think that its difficult to accept that sometime in the past mobile phones weren’t around. Reviewing when letters were utilized to get messages to and fro starting with one individual then onto the next. At that point gradually we included the expansion of telephones. In the first place telephones were only an approach to contact individuals in the event that they happend to be home when called. At that point we imagined phones. With them we can make and get brings in practically any area and we can send instant messages . Wireless use has expanded in the previous years in light of the fact that is extremely simple and monetary to have one.Year into year PDAs become better and better. Today , aside from making and receiveing calls and furthermore messaging messages, we can do a great deal of fascinating things with them. For instance we can tune in to music, record voice notes, make video cuts, mess around, take pictures, get to the web and numerous different things. In any case, there is additionally an awful side of mobile phones. They influenced the manner in which we mingle nowadays; on the off chance that you notice individuals are beginning to content their loved ones rather if really speaking verbally.Many youths and furthermore more established ages invest more energy sending instant messages or visiting on Facebook than speaking You go out to supper and glance around and see individuals out with family yet there is no discussions going on at the table generally just huh†¦ yeah†¦ mmhm.. , in light of the fact that they are caught up with messaging somebody not there on their telephones. I feel human communicant is gradually vanishing among loved ones. You even observe parent’s messaging their children when in a similar house to talk about something with them. Our correspondence between one another is relying upon somewhat electronic device.People use mobile phones in broad daylight places, and during chapel. I ha ve even observed ten-year olds strolling over the road messaging their companions as opposed to focusing on the vehicles. On the off chance that things proceed with like this, I feel we will overlook how to manage certain correspondence circumstances up close and personal. In the event that you ask my conclusion, I would exceptionally offending to get dumped over a content. On the off chance that you imagine that is awful you ought to have seen the level of individuals who conceded messaging or chatting on the telephone while utilizing the can

Defeat your Loneliness on Christmas

Defeat your Loneliness on Christmas Things to Do on Christmas Day Home›Tips for Students›Things to Do on Christmas Day Tips for StudentsDecember is a special month; it brings the feeling of a holiday and everything starts buzzing in Christmas preparations.  From all around, you can hear about sparkling family traditions, different gatherings and the spirit of unity.  So you get a bit of a Grinch mood when anticipating that this Christmas you will spend on your own. There are plenty of reasons that spoil your holiday; the hint is not to fall for them.When you’re alone at Christmas If there is a chance to take control over your depressive circumstances, go for it! Rearrange your Christmas and enjoy your time. It’s much better than hibernating the whole month, trust me. You don’t have to perform feats to make your Christmas bright and enjoyable. Take small steps to create your holiday atmosphere.First of all, put some decorations to give a feeling of Christmas. At least, do something small like a tiny Christma s tree on your desk or a glowing garland above your bed. Even these simple details will involve you in the celebration. Don’t let yourself being excluded from Christmas this year.Get rid of the dreadful feeling when everyone’s celebrating except you. Make a plan, think of the special activities, maybe, find some alternatives to Christmas clichés. It must be something exciting for you. Bonus: you don’t have to avoid “What are you doing this Christmas?” question anymore.Whatever homebody you are, don’t spend all day alone. Find a company to celebrate with. Call your friends, visit your family, host a dinner, become a Christmas volunteer. People around will certainly make your day by simply saying “Merry Christmas!”Take your time to gather thoughts. If you really have a sad reason not to celebrate this year, don’t pretend to be happy. Think of your life, of the past year, of the meaning of Christmas. This holiday bears hope. This is the day when Jesus was born. He ca me to this world to become our redeemer, and He certainly knows how to overcome difficulties.This season I wish you to be happy. You have a chance to start over!

Ancient Roman Water Systems

Ann Olga Koloski-Ostrow, a Brandeis classicist who has studied the Roman latrine, says, There are no ancient sources where you can really learn about daily life[...] You have to come upon information almost by chance. That means its hard to answer all the questions or to say with any confidence that this bit of information about the bathroom habits of the Roman Empire applies to the Republic as well. With that caution, here is some of what we think we know about the water system of ancient Rome. Roman Aqueducts The Romans are renowned for engineering marvels, among which is the aqueduct that carried water for many miles in order to provide a crowded urban population with relatively safe, potable water, as well as less essential but very Roman aquatic uses. Rome had nine aqueducts by the time of the engineer Sextus Julius Frontinus (c. 35–105), appointed curator aquarum in 97, our main ancient source for the water supply. The first of these was built in the fourth century B.C. and the last in the first century A.D. Aqueducts were built because the springs, wells, and Tiber River were no longer providing the safe water that was needed for the swelling urban population. Aqueducts Listed by Frontinus: In 312 B.C., the Appia Aqueduct was built 16,445 meters long.Next was the Anio Verus, built between 272-269, and 63,705 meters.Next was the Marcia, built between 144-140 and 91,424 meters.The next aqueduct was the Tepula, built in 125, and 17,745 meters.The Julia was built in 33 B.C. at 22,854 meters.The Virgo was built in 19 B.C., at 20,697 meters.The next aqueduct is the Alsientina, whose date is unknown. Its length is 32,848.The last two aqueducts were built between 38 and 52 A.D. Claudia was 68,751 meters.The Anio Novus was 86,964 meters. The Drinking Water Supply Water did not go to all residents of Rome. Only the rich had private service and the rich were as likely to divert and hence, steal, the water from the aqueducts as anyone. Water in residences only reached the lowest floors. Most Romans got their water from a constantly running public fountain. Baths and Latrines Aqueducts also supplied water to public latrines and baths. Latrines served 12-60 people at once with no dividers for privacy or toilet paper -- only a sponge on a stick in the water to pass around. Fortunately, water ran through the latrines constantly. Some latrines were elaborate and may have been amusing. Baths were more clearly a form of entertainment as well as hygiene. Sewers and The Cloaca Maxima When you live on the 6th floor of a walk-up with no latrine for blocks, the chances are youll use a chamber pot. What do you do with its content? That was the question that faced many an insula dweller in Rome, and many answered in the most obvious way. They dumped the pot out the window onto any stray passerby. Laws were written to deal with this, but it still went on. The preferred act was to dump solids into sewers and urine into vats where it was eagerly collected and even bought by fullers who needed the ammonia in their toga cleaning business. The main sewer of Rome was the Cloaca Maxima. It emptied into the Tiber River. It was probably built by one of the Etruscan kings of Rome to drain the marshes in the valleys between the hills. Sources By Donna Desrochers,  Classicist digs deep for truth about latrines, hygiene habits of ancient Romans, Roger D. Hansen, Water and Wastewater Systems in Imperial Rome Lanciani, Rodolfo, The Ruins of Ancient Rome. Benjamin Blom, New York.

Streamling the Employee Selection Process - 1603 Words

â€Å"Selection is a highly subjective and inexact process†. Examine this statement citing examples you are familiar with. In your opinion, what steps can be taken to minimize selection errors? STREAMLING THE EMPLOYEE SELECTION PROCESS A) SUBJECTIVITY IN EMPLOYEE SELECTION WITH EXAMPLES AND HOW TO MINIMIZE SELETION ERRORS Subjectivity in employee selection implies inconsistency and unreliability in the whole selection procedure. This renders it inexact. While interpreting the above-mentioned statement, we can have a critical look at the real life recruitment examples below: The statement implies â€Å"inconsistency and unreliability in the selection procedure† Reliability is minimized when two people evaluating the same candidate provide the†¦show more content†¦You can discover whether the candidate has the knowledge and experience you need. You can screen for applicants who expect a salary that is out of your league. You can gain a sense about the persons congruity with your culture. Always pre-screen applicants. 6) Fail to Prepare the Candidate If your applicant fails to ask about your company and the specifics of the job for which he or she has applied, help the applicant out. Prepare your applicants better for the interview, so interviewers spend their time on the important issues: determining the candidates skills and fit within your culture. Prepare the candidate by describing the company, the details of the position, the background and titles of the interviewers, and whatever will eliminate time wasting while the candidate interviews within your company. 7) Fail to Prepare the Interviewers You would not choose a college for your child or launch a project without a plan. Why, then, do organizations put so little planning into interviewing candidates for positions? Interviewers need to meet in advance and create a plan. Who is responsible for which types of questions? What aspect of the candidates credentials is each person assessing? Who is assessing culture fit. Plan to succeed in employee selection in advance. EXAMPLES 1) Here are the examples of subjective selection methods by the East African New Trading Company EANT Co. Ltd). They were found subjective and stereotypical. Poor reference checks EANT

The Isis-Aphrodite Free Essays

This figure of Isis-Aphrodite is currently on exhibit in the Johns Hopkins University Archaeological Museum. It is displayed alongside several other artworks of deities from the ancient Mediterranean, each individual object incorporating aspects from a myriad of religious systems and cults. The Isis-Aphrodite figure dates back to the Roman Empire sometime between 150-200 CE. We will write a custom essay sample on The Isis-Aphrodite or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is made from a copper alloy and would once have been a burnished orange, but now appears a dark green-gray. It is 29.9 cm tall and 15.3 cm wide. The figure stands with her weight on her right leg and her left leg slightly bent, in a relaxed contrapposto, her right foot slightly forward. Her arms are outstretched but bent at the elbows. In her left hand she holds a small pedestal upon which a miniature figure sits; in her right hand she grasps a handle, though the body of the object has come unattached. She is naked, but wears an array of jewelry: two armbands, round earrings, a necklace, and a crown. Her hair is parted down the middle and pulled back into a knot at the nape of her neck, with a coil of hair across each shoulder. She looks directly toward the viewer, her expression neutral. Her eyes sockets are large and round but empty, and might once have contained inlays. The figure embodies the goddesses Isis and Aphrodite, two foreign deities that were adopted by syncretic religious cults of the Roman Empire. Isis was one of the primary deities of the Egyptian pantheon, fulfilling a myriad of roles and responsibilities. As a wife and mother, magical healer, and protector of the dead, she was one of the most diverse deities of ancient Egypt. She was the wife and sister of Osiris, god of the dead and the afterlife, and the mother of Horus, god of the sky and the pharaohs; thus, Isis was closely associated with the afterlife, resurrection, fertility, and kingship (1). Even before the Romans conquered Egypt and adopted its gods, the Egyptians themselves had blurred the lines between their individual deities. Isis, notably, was closely associated with several deities, and dabbled in many domains. Most pertinent here is her association with the goddess Hathor, who was the personification of love and sexuality. It may have been the close tie between Isis and Hathor that allowed Isis to be so easily associated with the goddess Aphrodite during the Hellenistic and Roman eras, as Hathor served as a parallel to Aphrodite (4). As Hathor was the Egyptian goddess of love and sexuality, Aphrodite was the Greek goddess of love and beauty. She was the daughter of Uranus, the primeval god of the sky, and wife to Hephaestus, god of the forge and fire. As the goddess of sexuality, Aphrodite was often depicted nude – more so in later eras. She was also often portrayed with her sacred animal, the dove, or one of her many symbols, such as a mirror, apple, or shell. When Alexander the Great, and later the Romans, conquered Egypt, they adopted the Egyptian Pantheon into the Greek one; some cults merged Isis with Aphrodite, and worshipped Isis-Aphrodite as a goddess of their combined realms. They also combined the two goddesses’ iconography, as in the figure from the Archeological Museum. It would be difficult to identify the figure by its physiognomy alone, but it is made recognizable by its adornments and their symbolism. Several details help to identify the figure as some version of Aphrodite. The figure is unclothed, as Aphrodite was commonly depicted by this era. As the goddess of love and sexuality, she was often portrayed naked, and represented an ideal of beauty. She was also believed to have risen from the sea fully naked, born from seafoam when Uranus’s genitalia were cut off by his son Kronos and thrown into the ocean. Her very origin reinforces the notion of her sexuality and lends credence to later depictions of her in the nude. The figure of Isis-Aphrodite is, however, adorned with lavish jewelry, as images of Aphrodite sometimes are. Of special note is the crown she wears – a Greek stephane, a metal headband that rose in the center and tapered down toward the temples. Greek female deities were often shown wearing a stephane, and sometimes a veil, which marked their divinity. The figure also holds two objects in her hands. In her right, she grasps a handle, although the upper part of the object is no longer attached; it is thought, however, to have once been a mirror. Mirrors were one of Aphrodite’s many symbols, and represented her unmatched beauty. Nonetheless, this is only a postulate, and one cannot be sure what the missing element actually was. In her other hand, though, she still holds a small pedestal surmounted by a sitting figure. This component is what identifies the figure as Isis-Aphrodite. The pedestal resembles a lotus blossom, a sacred flower of the Egyptians that represented renewal. The flower would close at night and reopen at the dawn, and thus represented the daily cycle of the sun; it also represented rebirth, and was thus closely related to Osiris – Isis’s husband – and the realm of the dead (3). Accordingly, the lotus was also associated with Isis herself. Sitting on the lotus is an image of the infant Harpocrates, who was a manifestation of Horus and the young sun (2). Harpocrates has a finger in his mouth and wears a disk on his head, a symbol of the sun. The details limn a very comprehensive image of Harpocrates, identifying the miniature figure as a canonical depiction of the young Horus, Isis’s son. One of Isis’s roles was that of a mother, and she was a fierce protectress. She is sometimes depicted with him, as in the Isis-Aphrodite figure. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Isis-Egyptian-goddess http://www.globalegyptianmuseum.org/glossary.aspx?id=169 http://www.globalegyptianmuseum.org/glossary.aspx?id=225 http://www.academia.edu/5011152/The_Hellenistic-Roman_cult_of_Isis How to cite The Isis-Aphrodite, Papers

She Started Off Being A Sister.. Of 5 Big Brothers! Who Once Formed Es

She started off being a sister.. of 5 big brothers! Who once formed the jackson 5. A famous black pop group When she was still a very young lady. She wanted to sing like her brothers..but her father who was the directer of the jackson 5 thought hat girls didn,t belong in the world of singing. Just men could resist all the bad temtation and hard emotionnal losts. But she sang by her own.. until she reach the age of 16, a producer overheard her sing.. and decided to have an interview with her. She accepted immidiatly.. but secretly to meet the man. After hearing her sing, They singned immidiatly a record. She started off with songs.. well already written songs.. then she began writting her own songs..a nd people helped her produce them. The thing is she was a really shy girl. Always hiding.. and always araid to try new things.. all this because of the family situation. Where females must be dominated.. so even though she was the big boss she acted like if she were a worker.. and not in charge of anything.. That's when Paula Abdoul stepped in. She created the most wonderful choreagraphys for her videos and shows. And one day.. Janet started saying.. no i don't like that certain move.. though i like that one.. And slowly she started producing and inventing her own steps and foot works! She developped a much higher self-esteem. ---------- In an interview with janet jackson she revealed that she liked being sexy and retroactive. She always wanted to be famous. And she realized her only dream.. singning! Now she is the world most famous black artist. She raised more money than her own brother Miceal jackson who is also very famous! unlike her brother.. Janet is persuing her carreer and still wants to produce new albums in the upcoming future! She says her carreer just took a new turn with her last album.. Velvet-rope with is more R&B and more calm than her last albums. ----------- As for the dancers selection, she starts with simple creterias.. has to be handsome, in shape.. and know how to dance.. So she assist every pick up day and selects with a few of her friends the best ones.. in those best ones.. she makes a tape out of each and runs them over and over again..Until she selects the most original and outgoing ones. And she starts building a choreagraphy. She started with nothing and ended with everything.. She is an exemple for us women.. to follow

Second War essays

Second War essays As the second World War was coming to an end, the representatives of some fifty nations met in San Francisco to sign the United Nations Charter in an attempt to unify many countries. The date was June 26 1946, and the countries that signed the charter did so to put themselves in a better position if any conflict were to arise in the future. During the time the charter was drawn and the treaty was signed, April 4 1949, ten countries who had signed the charter were in need of more protection that would require a stronger means of defense. The United States and Canada were to write the pledge of mutual security, that each country was to uphold if they wished to be a part of the alliance. The European countries by 1949 were all at a great disadvantage, since the defeat of Japan and Germany occurred there would be an opening for the Soviet Union to have its influential ways on imposing communism throughout Europe. The Soviet Union began to add on to its empire during World War two be cause they knew that the small countries which included: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Rumania, North-East Germany, and parts of Finland. All these countries combined contained an estimated 23 million people. This was only the beginning of the expansion according to the Soviets at the time, they planned to impose communism on as much of Europe as they could. They were all for the expansion of communism on a world wide level, with Russia at the core. The Soviets were doing the best to gain control of Eastern Europe because they knew if they controlled a large portion of it they would have immense power. The North Atlantic Treaty would enable countries to protect themselves against any threat through utilizing the powers of many countries. To better understand the alliance of the many countries a closer look must be taken at the treaty itself. The treaty was more than a military alliance, what it also did to the relations between the many memb...

8 Common Questions Parents Ask Teachers

8 Common Questions Parents Ask Teachers If you really want to make a great impression on the parents, then you must be ready to answer any question they might have for you. Here are 8 of the most common questions teachers receive from parents as well as some advice on how to answer them. 1. How Do I Help My Child With Technology When I Dont Know Anything About It? Many parents are far behind when it comes to staying up-to-date with the latest tech tools. Often, the child is the most tech-savvy member of the household. So, when a parent doesnt know how to help their child with their tech, they might come to you for advice.   What to Say - Tell parents to ask the same questions they would if they werent using technology for their homework. Questions like What are you learning? and What are you trying to accomplish? 2. How Can My Child Be Successful in School? Parents want to know what can they do at home to help their child be successful in school. They might ask for details on how you grade and if there is anything that they can do to make sure their child receives an A.   What to Say - Be truthful, show them how you grade, and share your expectations for your students. Remind them its not all about the grades, but how the child is learning. 3. Is My Child Behaving in School? If a parent asks you this question, you can probably assume that the child has behavioral issues at home as well. These parents often want to know if their childs behavior at home is transferring to their behavior in school. And, though there are instances of children acting out at home and presenting the opposite behavior in school, misbehaved children often act out in both spaces.   What to Say - Tell them how you see it. If they are indeed acting out, then you need to come up with a behavior plan with the parent and the student. There may be something going on at home (divorce, sick relative, etc.) Do not pry, but you can prompt the parent to see if they will tell you. If they are not acting out in school, reassure the parent and tell them they neednt worry.   4. Why Do You Give so Much/so Little Homework Parents will have strong opinions on homework volume no matter how much you give. Be receptive to their feedback, but remember that you are the teacher and it is ultimately up to you to decide what is best for your students and your classroom. What to Say - If a parent asks why you give so much homework, explain to them what their child is working on in school, and why its important to have them reinforce it at night. If a parent asks why their child never gets homework, then explain to them that you dont feel its necessary to bring work home when they could be spending time with their family. 5. What Is the Purpose of the Assignment? This parent question usually arises after a long night of sitting with their frustrated child. You have to remember that the way they pose the question (which is usually out of frustration) may come off as aggressive. Be patient with this parent; they have probably had a long night.   What to Say - Tell them that you are sorry that they may have a hard time and that you are always available via text or email to answer any questions. Make sure to communicate to them the  specific purpose of the assignment and reassure them that next time they have an issue that you are always there to answer their questions. 6. We Are Going on Vacation, Can I Have All of My Childs Homework? Vacations during school time can be hard because a child misses out on a lot of classroom time. It also means that you have to take the extra time to prep all of your lesson plans far ahead of time. Make sure to communicate your policy for vacation homework in the very beginning of the school year and ask that they give you at least one weeks notice. What to Say - Provide the parent with what you can and let them know that their child will likely have other things to make up when they get back. 7. Does My Child Have Friends? The parent just wants to make sure that their child is having a good experience in school and isnt being bullied or excluded.   What to Say - Tell them that you will observe their child and get back to them. Then, make sure that you do that. This will give the chance for you to pinpoint the time of day the child is having difficulty (if any). Then, the parent (and you) can talk to the child and come up with some solutions if need be. 8. Is My Child Turing in Their Homework on Time? Usually, this question comes from parents of 4th and 5th graders because this is the time when students gain more personal responsibility, which can take some adjustment.   What to Say - Offer the parent some insight into what their child is handing in and what they are not. Communicate your rules and expectations are for the student. Talk with the parent about things that they can do at home to help the child maintain responsibility, as well as what they can do in school.

Student survival guide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Student survival guide - Essay Example Actions plans are required in the present times since there is so much work that a student does. He does not get the time to study in an age of Internet and changing technological regimes. He is surrounded with so much information that studies seem to take a back step, which by all accounts is an unfortunate thing to know. A student must understand that finding the much needed information and data which could assist with his studies is indeed a task that he has to take on his own and this he could do in an effective manner if he knows which libraries he can access the information from and in what manner this search could be made possible in an effective and efficient way. For this to happen, he must ensure that he is well read with the Internet and knows how to use this technological superpower which has hit the academic world like any other, in the times of today. If he knows how to conduct correct search of data and information on the Internet, then he knows how to devise a proper plan for his studies and this indeed is half the job done and that too in a good enough manner. Personal action plans are devised in a manner that makes best use of the library searches so as to get the most productive and up to date information which is needed and these plans look at the maximization of resources as much as possible. What this means is the fact that conducting one such successful library research is the basis of extracting the needed information in the wake of knowledge acquisition and the eventual development of details related with the student’s resource. Also there must be a lot of emphasis on finding the websites which provide authentic information and not mere hearsay. This can be made use of by employing the search engines and the genuine e-libraries which are present on the World Wide Web. Academic honestly must be upheld at all times by the students so that they learn something constructive with the passage of time and

Refugees in Erie Pennsylvania Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Refugees in Erie Pennsylvania - Essay Example In the Erie region, refugees have limited access to health care services, as the provided care by the state agencies and local organizations are insufficient (USCRI, 2011). Additionally, they have limited, or no access and control of resources because they come from conflict-ridden communities such as Iraq, Bhutan, Somalia, Congo, and Ukraine among other countries. Refugees have little or no access to formal education that is enjoyed by other USA citizens. Although they make up a legal percentage of the population, these people are not entirely incorporated to the national budgetary allocation for education or other social amenities (USCRI, 2011). However, they benefit from the intervention of the local faith-based organizations. Furthermore, due to the living condition and lack of resources, these people live in adverse poverty. Their access to basic needs such as shelter and adequate nutritious food is limited. Regardless of the poor conditions experienced by the refugee in the Erie region, they contribute to the community with their cultural heritage used in day-care services. Specifically, the Bhutan’s cultural practice is a potential source of income for the women. The traditional songs of the refugees are necessary tools that enrich the lives of the day-care teachers and children (Pennsylvania Department of Health, 2012). The refugee women train for careers in childcare where they get employment to improve their

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Essay -- ALS Medical Medicine Essays

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ABSTRACT At this time, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis(ALS) is a very confusing and elusive disorder. While the clinical presentation and diagnosis of ALS dates back to the early 1900’s, with Charcot being the first to scientifically report and document his findings, there simply has not been definitive evidence since that time for the etiology for ALS. This fundamental problem has befuddled the most qualified researchers and its ensuing answer has eluded the most clever experiments for some 80 years. This paper is being written to address some of the most plausible candidate causes which have come to the forefront of ALS research in the last few years. This paper will also try to tackle the formidable task of possibly uniting some of the findings and results of experiments from all over the world in the last 4 years. While an exact, definitive etiology, treatment, or answer is not possible at this time, there does seem to be a few underlying trends and findings that have reinforced their own importance. These are the findings that will be evaluated and will hopefully act as a genesis for, perhaps a premature, minimally complete conclusion of the available pool of knowledge that has been amassed on ALS. In addition to this, possible treatment, including pharmacological intervention, will be reviewed. INTRODUCTION ALS is a disease of the skeletal muscular motor neurons throughout the nervous system that usually affects both upper and lower motor neurons. The progressive wasting and weakness of muscles that have lost their nerve supply is a characteristic sign of lower motor neuron damage; signs of spasticity and exaggerated reflexes are indications of damage to the upper motor neur... ...0. Rowland. Babinski and the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurological Institute. 1993. Vol. 33, #1. 11. Hubert and Blanchard. Pertussis toxin Pretreatment abolishes the inhibitory effect of Riluzole and carbachol on D-(3H)aspartate release from cultured cerebellar Granule cells. Neuroscience Letters, 1992. Vol. 140, pp. 251--254. 12. Cheramy, Barbeito, Godeheu and Glowinski. Riluzole inhibits the release of Glutamate in the caudate nucleus of the cat in vivo. Neuroscience Letters, 1992. Vol. 147, pp. 209--212. 13. Benoit and Escande. Riluzole specifically blocks in-activated Na channels in myelinated nerve fibre. European Journal of Physiology, 1991. Vol. 419, pp. 603-609. 14.Drachman and Kuncl. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: An un-conventional autoimmune disease? Annals of Neurology, 1989. Vol. 26, pp. 269-274.(Outdated, but useful)

Marilyn Monroe Biography

What began as a brunette beauty by the name of Norma Jeane Baker born in LA, California, soon transformed into the blondest, biggest sex symbol Hollywood has yet to cross paths with. Marilyn Monroe belonged to the public from the moment she stepped onto the screen and the voluptuous, 50’s goddess knew it. In combination with Monroe’s fascinating personal life and alluring pout and sensuality, the bombshell left an ever-staying impact on Hollywood, still yet to be outshined by any sex icons to come. Baptized Norma Jeane Baker, the soon to be starlet, spent most of her childhood migrating through foster homes after her mother, Gladys Baker, was instituted and her father’s identity remained unidentified. This was up until Norma Jeane was taken under the care of a family friend, Grace McKee Goddard. Unfortunately, after Mr. Goddard was transferred to the east coast, the family could not afford to travel 16-year-old Norma Jeane along with them. When faced with choice to return to the orphanage or get married, Norma married her 21-year-old neighbor Jimmy Dougherty. They were wed in 1942 after dating for six months prior. It was smooth sailing until 1944 when he was transferred to the South Pacific with the marines. During his absence, Norma Jeane took a job on the assembly line at Radio Planes Munitions factory where she was discovered by photographer David Conover. Conover came across the â€Å"photographer’s dream† as put by David, while taking pictures of women contributing to the war effort for Yank magazine. Conover began her career by sending her modeling jobs and within two years she was a reputable model with plenty of covers to her credit. In 1946, Norma Jean divorced her husband Jimmy and signed with Twentieth Century Fox. It was at this point that she officially transformed into the blonde Hollywood babe known as Marilyn Monroe. Two marriages later, one to baseball player Joe DiMaggio and the third and final to playwright Arthur Miller, Marilyn Monroe was found dead in her Brentwood, California home on August 5, 1962. Although only age 36 when she died, Marilyn Monroe was a global sensation in her lifetime and will always remain that way. Over Marilyn Monroe’s career span, the icon was nominated and won ountless awards. Among these, Monroe won the Golden Plate at the David di Donatello Awards for her acting in The Prince and the Showgirl, two Henrietta Awards for World Film Favorite-Female and a Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture –Musical/Comedy for Some Like it Hot. She also won Most Popular Female Star and a special award at the Photoplay Awards and received a motion picture star on the Hollywood Wa lk of Fame. Along with these prestigious awards were her many, many nominations which she always came close in. Marilyn began her acting career with 1947’s The Shocking Miss Pilgrim but it was her performance in the 1953’s Niagara that grabbed the public’s eye. She was also one of the most photographed people in the world and has been recaptured in numerous paintings. Many of the best in visual art has had a shot at Marilyn Monroe. Even after her death, the bleach blonde has been subject to some 600 books, newspaper and magazine articles, musicals, a ballet, plays, an opera and a famous Elton John/Bernie Taupin song. All of this proves the impact of Marilyn Monroe and just how much the public still loves her. None can deny the influence Marilyn Monroe had on Hollywood and the public alike. Marilyn Monroe’s influence in Hollywood and on the public can be seen everywhere. During her lifetime it was exemplified through her numerous box-office successes and massive publicity. Monroe did much to make her influence everlasting while the provocative super starlet still graced the world with her presence. She notoriously negotiated a tough contract with her studio involving her artistic rights and was the first woman to set up her own production company. There was clearly more to Ms. Monroe than her seductive pout. Marilyn launched her close friend, Ella Fitzgerald’s career when she made a deal with the owners of a popular club that refused Ella the opportunity to perform due to her race. Monroe told the owners that if they were to let Ella perform, Marilyn herself would be at every performance. Marilyn broke down the norms for typical actresses and women in general within society. â€Å"Marilyn was one of the first women to be overly sexual and play sweet, naive and innocent characters at the same time. as put by Time Magazine. This was only one barrier Monroe’s influence knocked down. She was a widely accepted and adored sex symbol, making the 1950’s society more permissive of sex. This also contributed to the sexual freedom women have today. The Edmonton Journal in Canada wrote about the popular face piercing titled â€Å"The Monroe† after the world famous sex symbol. As written in the journal, â€Å"It’s a testament to Marilyn Monroe’s enduring coolness that the piercing is named about her, because her real mole was on her left cheek. Part of the reason why Monroe’s influence is so strong is due to the manner that she came and left. After almost every actress prior to the 50’s being brunette and vampy or blonde and entirely lackluster and innocent, Marilyn was a breath of fresh air on the cinema screen. On the other hand, her departure seemed to showcase â€Å"the wonder and tragedy of Hollywood and the entertainment business. †(Glatzer,33). By dying at such a young age, Marilyn Monroe became a legend, ergo her gripping influence. It can be understood that the individuals who are remembered and beloved are â€Å"the tragic heroes and heroines who loose their lives in Hollywood. †(Glatzer,33). Among these are Kurt Cobain, Elvis Presley, James Dean and of course Marilyn Monroe. â€Å"They didn’t have the opportunity to bow out gracefully, they were ripped from our midst and society mourns them all the more. †(Glatzer,35). Marilyn Monroe was undoubtedly the most famous and iconic actress of her generation. Many voluptuous blondes attempted to reinvent Monroe after her death but none had the right alchemy of â€Å"va-va-voom† and virtue. In a recent survey, Marilyn Monroe was ranked seventh in â€Å"The Highest Paid Dead Celebrities† and was the only woman in the top thirteen. In combination with Monroe’s fascinating personal life and alluring sensuality, the bombshell left an ever-staying impact on Hollywood, still yet to be outshined by any sex icons to come. Marilyn Monroe will never be forgotten, whether it’s her scandalous life or her incredible impact, we all just can’t seem to get that enticing pout out of our minds.

Does Adding Salt Lower the Boiling Point of Water

Does adding salt lower the boiling point of water? You may have heard this and wondered if it was true. Here is a look at the science behind salt and boiling water. Effect of Salt on Boiling Water Adding salt does not lower the boiling point of water. Actually, the opposite is true. Adding salt to water results in a phenomenon called boiling point elevation. The boiling point of water is increased slightly, but not enough that you would notice the temperature difference. The usual boiling point of water is 100  °C or 212  °F at 1 atmosphere of pressure (at sea level).  You would have to add 58 grams of salt just to raise the boiling point of a liter of water by one half of a degree Celsius. Basically, the amount of salt people add to water for cooking doesnt affect the boiling point at all. Why does salt affect boiling point? Salt is sodium chloride, which is an ionic compound that breaks apart into its component ions in water. The ions floating around in the water alter how the molecules interact with each other. The effect isnt restricted to salt. Adding any other compound to water (or any liquid) increases its boiling point. Salt in Water Safety Tip If you add salt to water, be sure to add it before boiling the water. Adding salt to water that is already boiling may cause the water to splash up and boil more vigorously for a few seconds. Source Atkins, P. W. (1994). Physical Chemistry (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-269042-6.